![]() Footnote 8 Footnote 10 Compared to other healthcare-associated bacterial pathogens, environmental contamination around a C. difficile infection patient is thought to be a relatively more significant factor in cross-transmission to others. difficile spores, along with environmental contamination play an important role in the transmission of C. Footnote 7 The hands of healthcare workers transiently contaminated with C. ![]() difficile within healthcare facilities is by person-to-person spread through the fecal-oral route. Footnote 4 There are multiple reasons behind the increase in C. difficile infection and C. difficile infection-related mortality rates in Canada but an important contributor has been the spread of a more virulent strain, often referred to as North American pulsed field (NAP) type 1. Footnote 5 There has been an almost four-fold increase in the C. difficile infection attributable mortality rate in Canadian hospitals from 1997 to 2005 (1.5% of cases to 5.7%, respectively, p<.001). difficile infection can have a variety of manifestations from uncomplicated diarrhea to life-threatening pseudomembranous colitis, Footnote 3 bowel perforation and sepsis. difficile infection in Canada has risen over the last decade and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. ![]() The reported incidence of healthcare-associated C. difficile is the most frequent cause of healthcare-associated infectious diarrhea in Canada and other developed countries. difficile) is a Gram positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacillus that causes infectious diarrhea by producing two toxins - toxin A (an enterotoxin) and toxin B (a cytotoxin). ![]()
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